Meanwhile, the remaining Roman right wing advanced up the hill and met the rest of Philips army as they were arriving in bunches. Civilians could also be rewarded for their assistance to the Roman legions. Because legions were not standing units until the Marian reforms (c. 107 BC), and were instead created, used, and disbanded again, several hundred legions were named and numbered throughout Roman history. In addition to attacking cities and fortifications, these would be used to help defend Roman forts and fortified camps (castra) as well. Initially adopting a hoplite style phalanx due to influence from Southern Italian Hellenic colonies, the army eventually transformed into the flexible manipular legion. All legionary soldiers would also receive a praemia (veterans' benefits) on completion of their term of service of 25 years or more: a sizeable sum of money (3,000 denarii from the time of Augustus) and/or a plot of good farmland (good land was in much demand); farmland given to veterans often helped in establishing control of the frontier regions and over rebellious provinces. He also created the Praetorian Guard along with a permanent navy where served the liberti, or freed slaves. How was a Roman legion different from a Greek phalanx? The cohorts came to form the basic tactical unit of the legions. According to the late Roman writer Vegetius' De Re Militari, each century had a ballista and each cohort had an onager, giving the legion a formidable siege train of 59 Ballistae and 10 Onagers, each manned by 10 libritors (artillerymen) and mounted on wagons drawn by oxen or mules. See table in article "Auxiliaries (Roman military)" for compilation of this data. [7] Legion names such as Honoriani and Gratianenses found in the Notitia suggest that the process of creating new legions continued through the 4th century rather than being a single event. (Provincials who aspired to citizenship gained it when honourably discharged from the auxiliaries.) Even the Roman cavalry at Heraclea was beating Phyruss cavalry until the elephants. The earliest legiones palatinae were the Lanciarii, Joviani, Herculiani and Divitenses. No added sugar, full of protein and chocolate! The Roman manipular legion and the Macedonian phalanx were each pivotal factors in the successes of their states, but was one formation actually better than the other? The organization from Homeric style hero warfare to tightly packed hoplite warfare was world changing. Rock drummer: I was drinking 2 gallons of vodka a day. The legions also became permanent at this time, and not recruited for particular campaigns. 10 questions, rated Tough. Only Roman citizens could possibly serve at this time, as well. At the end of the civil war against Mark Antony, Augustus was left with around fifty legions, with several double counts (multiple Legio Xs for instance). Is this tiny island really the lost home of the Aztecs? From 104 BC onwards, each legion used an aquila (eagle) as its standard symbol. In the time of Augustus, there were nearly 50 upon his succession but this was reduced to about 25–35 permanent standing legions and this remained the figure for most of the empire's history. Read More: Roman Legion Names. 25), Julius Caesar describes an incident at the start of his first invasion of Britain in 55 BC that illustrated how fear for the safety of the eagle could drive Roman soldiers. 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